@studiometa/js-toolkit

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Component Tree ​

How the tree is built ​

The component tree in js-toolkit is determined by the DOM structure and the components configuration. When a component mounts, it scans its root element for child components declared in config.components.

js
class App extends Base {
  static config = {
    name: 'App',
    components: { Header, Sidebar, Content },
  };
}
html
<body data-component="App">
  <header data-component="Header">
    <nav data-component="Nav">...</nav>
  </header>
  <aside data-component="Sidebar">...</aside>
  <main data-component="Content">...</main>
</body>

In this example, App is the parent of Header, Sidebar, and Content. But Nav is only a child of Header if Header declares it in its own config.components.

Element resolution ​

Child components are found using two selector strategies:

  1. Attribute selector: [data-component="<KEY>"] — matches elements with the exact component name
  2. Tag selector: <prefix>-<dash-case-name> — matches custom element tags (e.g. <my-component>)

If no matching element is found, the child is simply not instantiated — no errors, no empty instances.

Multiple instances of the same child component are supported:

html
<div data-component="List">
  <div data-component="ListItem">Item 1</div>
  <div data-component="ListItem">Item 2</div>
  <div data-component="ListItem">Item 3</div>
</div>

Mounting order ​

Components mount depth-first, children before parents. This guarantees that when a parent's mounted() hook runs, all its children are already mounted.

1. App starts mounting
2.   Header starts mounting
3.     Nav mounts → Nav.mounted()
4.   Header.mounted()
5.   Sidebar.mounted()
6.   Content.mounted()
7. App.mounted()

The framework uses a queue internally to batch DOM reads and writes, avoiding layout thrashing during mount.

Do not assume an ancestor exists while mounting

The children-before-parents guarantee runs one way: it covers the children a parent mounts through its own ChildrenManager (declared in config.components and DOM-contained). Whether the reverse works — a child resolving its parent from its own mounted() — depends on how the child was mounted:

  • Mounted by its parent — the ancestor is already constructed and registered (from its before-mounted, before mountAll() runs), so $closest and $parent resolve, even though the parent is not yet $isMounted.
  • Mounted independently — globally registered components (registerComponent recursively registers declared children) are auto-mounted by a document-wide MutationObserver, and lazy/async children mount on their own schedule. On that path the ancestor may not exist yet and $closest returns undefined.

Application code cannot tell which path mounted a given instance, so never rely on an ancestor in mounted(). Route communication through the channels in Data flow between components.

Scoping ​

Each component's scope is bounded by its root element (the data-component element). This scoping affects:

  • Refs — this.$refs only finds refs within the component's own scope, not inside nested child components
  • Children — only direct children declared in config.components are managed
  • Events — event handler methods like onBtnClick only bind to refs within scope
html
<div data-component="Parent">
  <button data-ref="btn">Parent's button</button>
  <div data-component="Child">
    <button data-ref="btn">Child's button</button>
  </div>
</div>

Here, Parent's this.$refs.btn is only the first button. The second button belongs to Child's scope.

Querying components ​

You can traverse the tree at runtime:

  • $query(name) — find all descendant instances matching a component name (replaces the deprecated $children)
  • $closest(name) — find the nearest ancestor instance (replaces the deprecated $parent / $root)
js
class Child extends Base {
  static config = { name: 'Child' };

  mounted() {
    const app = this.$closest('App');
    const siblings = app.$query('Child');
  }
}

API Reference

See Instance methods — $query and Instance methods — $closest.

Data flow between components ​

A component can't assume its parent exists while it is mounting (see Mounting order). Both ancestor lookups are resolved dynamically — by walking the DOM ancestors on every access — but they differ:

  • $parent (deprecated) returns null unless a live ancestor both declares this component in its config.components and DOM-contains it.
  • $closest(name) returns any constructed ancestor with that name — including one not yet, or no longer, mounted (e.g. breakpoint-inactive) — and is undefined only when no such ancestor has been constructed. Add the :mounted state ($closest('Slider:mounted')) to require a mounted one, and always guard with ?..

Structure communication through the sanctioned channels below. $closest element-correctness and the store utilities below require @studiometa/js-toolkit >= 3.6.0.

Parent → child: $query ​

The parent is always mounted when it queries, so reading or commanding children is safe:

js
class Slider extends Base {
  static config = { name: 'Slider', components: { SliderBtn } };

  goTo(index) {
    this.$query('SliderBtn').forEach((btn) => btn.setActive(index));
  }
}

Child → parent: $emit ​

Children never dereference the parent — they emit, and the parent listens via the on<Child> convention:

js
class SliderBtn extends Base {
  // The emitted event name must differ from the DOM event (`click`), otherwise
  // `$emit` re-dispatches on `$el` and re-triggers `onClick` in a loop.
  static config = { name: 'SliderBtn', emits: ['go-to-index'] };

  onClick() {
    this.$emit('go-to-index', this.index);
  }
}

class Slider extends Base {
  static config = { name: 'Slider', components: { SliderBtn } };

  // Child-event handlers receive a single params object; `args` holds the payload.
  onSliderBtnGoToIndex({ args: [index] }) {
    this.goTo(index);
  }
}

Dynamic ancestor lookup: $closest ​

When a child genuinely needs the ancestor, resolve it lazily and guard the result with ?. — never at construction, and never unguarded in mounted():

js
class SliderBtn extends Base {
  static config = { name: 'SliderBtn' };

  onClick() {
    this.$closest('Slider')?.goTo(this.index); // undefined-safe
  }
}

Shared state: a per-instance store ​

When both sides read and write the same state (e.g. the active index), lift it into a store and drop the parent⇄child runtime dependency. Give each parent its own store instance so multiple sliders on a page don't share state:

js
// Slider/Slider.js
import { Base } from '@studiometa/js-toolkit';
import {
  createStorage,
  createMemoryStorageProvider,
} from '@studiometa/js-toolkit/utils';
import { SliderChild } from './SliderChild.js';

export class Slider extends Base {
  static config = { name: 'Slider', components: { SliderChild } };

  // One store per Slider instance — the shared `memoryStorageProvider`
  // singleton would sync every Slider on the page.
  store = createStorage({ provider: createMemoryStorageProvider() });

  index = 0;

  mounted() {
    // Runs after `__children.mountAll()`, so every SliderChild is mounted. The
    // parent reaches its children deterministically regardless of how they were
    // mounted, so subscribe them from here, then push the current state so every
    // subscriber receives its initial value. `$query` matches descendants at any
    // depth; with nested Sliders the idempotent `subscribe()` keeps each child on
    // the innermost store it already joined.
    for (const child of this.$query('SliderChild')) {
      child.subscribe(this.store);
    }
    this.store.set('index', this.index);
  }

  goTo(index) {
    this.index = index;
    this.store.set('index', index);
  }
}
js
// Slider/SliderChild.js
import { Base } from '@studiometa/js-toolkit';
import { isFunction } from '@studiometa/js-toolkit/utils';

export class SliderChild extends Base {
  static config = { name: 'SliderChild' };

  index = 0;

  // Idempotent: safe to call from the parent's handshake and from a late mount.
  subscribe(store) {
    if (isFunction(this.unsubscribe)) return;
    this.index = store.get('index') ?? this.index;
    this.unsubscribe = store.subscribe('index', (index) => {
      this.index = index;
    });
  }

  mounted() {
    // A child mounted *after* its Slider (e.g. through `$update()`) can resolve
    // it here; guard because `$closest` is undefined when it cannot.
    const slider = this.$closest('Slider');
    if (slider) this.subscribe(slider.store);
  }

  destroyed() {
    if (isFunction(this.unsubscribe)) this.unsubscribe();
    // Clear it so a destroy → remount cycle can subscribe again.
    this.unsubscribe = undefined;
  }
}

Two-sided handshake

Whether a SliderChild can resolve its Slider from its own mounted() depends on the mount path (see Mounting order): when the Slider mounts its children, the ancestor is already resolvable; but a child auto-mounted independently (global registry, lazy import) can run mounted() before its Slider exists, where $closest('Slider') is undefined. A child that only subscribed through a guarded $closest('Slider')?.store.subscribe(...) would then be silently never subscribed and would never sync, with no error.

The handshake closes the gap from both sides: the child subscribes itself whenever it can reach the Slider, and the Slider subscribes every child from its own mounted(), which runs after __children.mountAll() and reaches them deterministically before pushing the current state. Making subscribe() idempotent lets both paths run without double-subscribing.

For state shared across unrelated components or persisted across reloads, use a module-level store with createLocalStorage/createSessionStorage instead of a per-instance memory provider.

Dynamic updates ​

When the DOM changes (elements added or removed), call $update() on the parent to re-evaluate the tree:

js
this.$el.insertAdjacentHTML(
  'beforeend',
  '<div data-component="Child"></div>',
);
this.$update(); // Re-scans children, mounts new ones

If you use registerComponent, a global MutationObserver handles this automatically for top-level registered components.

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